C\u00e1c chip RF, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd RF c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GNSS (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb V\u1ec7 tinh To\u00e0n c\u1ea7u), b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1o ra t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao v\u00e0 \u00edt nhi\u1ec5u. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00e0y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 trong chip RF, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu GNSS, c\u00e1c chip RF c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec7 tinh y\u1ebfu thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0103ng-ten. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p kh\u00f3a pha (PLL), trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ra fof_ofo\u200b v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu freff_{ref}fref\u200b th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
fo = N.F \u00d7 f_{ref} fo = N.F \u00d7 f_{ref}<\/p>\n\n\n\n
trong \u0111\u00f3 N.FN.FN.F l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 s\u1ed1 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra \u201ct\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5u th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n\u201d, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5u n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong d\u1ea3i b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc b\u1ecf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a chip RF v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 t\u00edch l\u0169y<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb s\u1edbm trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa NNN v\u00e0 N+1N+1N+1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p t\u1eadp trung, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c chip RF cao c\u1ea5p do c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5u cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac MASH1-1-1 \u0394-\u03a3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac MASH (Multi-stage Noise SHaping) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0394-\u03a3 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea3i cao c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi MASH1-1-1, h\u00e0m truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n y(z) = z^{-3} \\cdot x(z) + (1 \u2013 z^{-3}) \\cdot e_3(z)(z)<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1ed7i e3(z) l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea3i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ra r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eeb -7 \u0111\u1ebfn 7), cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea3y ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed3n pha trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng GNSS s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 GPS L1 v\u00e0 BD-2 B1, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trung gian l\u00e0 3,996 MHz v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 16,368 MHz, hai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ADS. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cho th\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec5u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n 0\u20132 MHz, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f3a pha (PLL).<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac MASH1-1-1, th\u00f4ng qua k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5u, \u0111\u1ea9y n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5u sang c\u00e1c t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: >2 MHz), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nhi\u1ec5u trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5p quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p PLL th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng 1\/10 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 tham chi\u1ebfu (kho\u1ea3ng 1,6 MHz), n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5u t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac MASH ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c chip RF GNSS c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao trong b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 (BeiDou\/GPS\/Galileo\/GLONASS), \u0111a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c chip RF c\u0169ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u1eaft khe h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf \u0394-\u03a3 b\u1eadc cao<\/strong>: Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u pha trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ea1ch PLL ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (ADPLL)<\/strong>: T\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n trong c\u00e1c chip RF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh<\/strong>: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh \u0111a t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1<\/strong>: H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eaft x\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 t\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chip RF. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ed9 t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u1eed nhi\u1ec5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac MASH1-1-1 \u0394-\u03a3, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec5u xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c chip RF GNSS hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c chip RF h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n, cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" RF chips, as the core component of modern wireless communication and navigation systems, directly influence the accuracy, stability, and integration level of the entire system. In GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) RF frontends, frequency synthesizers are key modules responsible for generating local oscillator signals, and fractional frequency division technology is essential for achieving high-precision and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,31],"tags":[36],"class_list":["post-1444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-insights","category-blog","tag-yvette-wu"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1444"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1445,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1444\/revisions\/1445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}3. <\/strong>M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch so s\u00e1nh<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
4. <\/strong>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 theo ph\u1ea7n trong chip RF<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
5. <\/strong>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n