Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1eed th\u00e1ch gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh t\u1edbi sao H\u1ecfa hay ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed tr\u00ean t\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, M\u1ea3ng c\u1ed5ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng (FPGA) n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u201canh h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a FPGA n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (ASIC), v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, FPGA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i ngay tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai\u201d. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn FPGA tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh, t\u00e0u th\u0103m d\u00f2 kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00e2u v\u00e0 xe th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0nh tinh, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd theo th\u1eddi gian, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh Sentinel c\u1ee7a C\u01a1 quan V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (ESA). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (FPGA), ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb radar kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (SAR) theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 n\u00e9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111i. V\u1edbi b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u00ean t\u00e0u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean FPGA \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n 40% v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u1ec7 tinh trung b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n hai n\u0103m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Landsat c\u1ee7a NASA c\u0169ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o FPGA \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean t\u00e0u, duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (FPGA) c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. Trong chuy\u1ebfn bay l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bay ngang qua sao Di\u00eam V\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e0u th\u0103m d\u00f2 New Horizons c\u1ee7a NASA \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FPGA \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n gi\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho s\u1ef1 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 hay sai s\u00f3t n\u00e0o. Nh\u1edd s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n song song c\u1ee7a FPGA, t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 quang v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c. Trong khi c\u00e1c FPGA c\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c khi b\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao va ch\u1ea1m. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c FPGA c\u1ea5p v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Xilinx v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng RTG4 c\u1ee7a Microsemi. C\u00e1c chip n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00ednh d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 do s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. C\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 100 krad, cho ph\u00e9p ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong h\u01a1n 15 n\u0103m tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5. M\u1ed7i watt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ph\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 (RTG) c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (FPGA) th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u01b0u th\u1ebf nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c thi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 song song, gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p khi kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Xe th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Curiosity c\u1ee7a NASA \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ee9c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n 181% v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1edd gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean FPGA, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa trong h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (FPGA) \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c FPGA s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb mang theo tr\u00ean v\u1ec7 tinh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean t\u00e0u. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p FPGA t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111ang d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng gian s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong su\u1ed1t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u00ean l\u1eeda, t\u00e0u th\u0103m d\u00f2 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fa \u00fd, trong khi nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed l\u1ea1i \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd. FPGA ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a v\u1ec7 tinh tr\u00ean qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u00e0u th\u0103m d\u00f2 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c qua h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 kilomet v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n. Khi c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 tr\u00ean sao H\u1ecfa v\u00e0 du h\u00e0nh li\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a FPGA s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb1ng sau h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":897,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-898","application","type-application","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aerospace-satellite-communications","category-application-industries"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/application\/898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/application"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/application"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/application\/898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":899,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/application\/898\/revisions\/899"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wallisemi.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}